ABSTRACT
Abstract To evaluate the influence of rewetting solutions on bond strength to root dentin of conventional gutta-percha (GP) or niobium phosphate glass-based gutta-percha (GNb) associated with a bioceramic sealer. The root canals of 80 human mandibular premolars were prepared using nickel-titanium instruments and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the gutta-percha used: GNb or GP associated with EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC) and the solution for rewetting dentin before filling (distilled water; phosphate buffer saline solution - PBS; simulated body fluid - SBF; or no solution). The root canals were filled with a single cone using warm vertical condensation. Micropush-out bond strengths associated with the filling materials in slices from middle root thirds was determined 30 days after root filling. The failure mode was analyzed with stereoscopic lens. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test (p < 0.05). There was significant difference in the types of gutta-percha (p < 0.001) and in the different rewetting solutions (p = 0.003). The interaction between gutta-percha and rewetting solutions was not significant (p = 0.53). The SBF solution provided an increase in bond strength for both gutta-percha solutions. The GNb+BC (3.42 MPa) association increased bond strength when compared with GP+BC (2.0 MPa). The use of SBF as a dentin rewetting solution increased bond strength in the groups studied. Association of GNb with bioceramic sealer was beneficial, increasing the bond strength to dentin when compared with the association with GP.
Subject(s)
Humans , Solutions/chemistry , Ceramics/chemistry , Dental Bonding/methods , Dentin/drug effects , Gutta-Percha/chemistry , Reference Values , Surface Properties/drug effects , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Root Canal Preparation/methods , Dental Restoration Failure , Dentin/chemistry , Niobium/chemistryABSTRACT
Abstract To evaluate the effect of incorporating niobium phosphate bioactive glass (NbG) into commercial etch-and-rinse adhesive systems, with and without silane, on their degree of conversion (DC) (%) and microtensile bond strength (μTBS). The NbG micro-filler was added to two etch-and-rinse adhesive systems: One Step (OS) and Prime & Bond (PB) at 40% concentration. The following groups were formed: control without glass addition OS; addition of unsilanized NbG (OSNbG); addition of silanized NbG (OSNbGS); control without glass PB; addition of unsilanized NbG (PBNbG); addition of silanized NbG (PBNbGS). The DC was determined using total Fourier spectroscopy reflection (FTIR/ATR). For μTBS testing, 48 human third molars (n=8) were restored and sliced to obtain specimens (0.8 mm2) and they were tested at two different time intervals: immediately and after 6 months. The fracture mode was evaluated with a stereoscopic loupe (40×) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). NbG addition did not compromise the adhesive system DC values (p>0.05). Furthermore, the NbG added to the adhesive systems did not affect μTBS values (p>0.05). Fracture occurred predominantly at the dentin-adhesive interface. NbG bioactive glass did not affect the DC or microtensile bond strength results.
Resumo Avaliar o efeito da incorporação de vidro niobofosfato bioativo (NbG, 40% em peso) em dois sistemas adesivos simplificados convencionais (One Step [OS] e Prime & Bond {PB}) com e sem silano, no grau de conversão (%) e resistência de união (RU) após 6 meses. Os seguintes grupos foram testados: Controle OS: sem adição de partículas; OS e adição de NbG sem silano (OSNbG); OS e adição de partículas silanizadas NbG (OSNbGS); Controle PB: sem adição de partículas; PB e adição de partículas de NbG sem silano (PBNbG); PB e adição de partículas silanizadas NbG (PBNbGS). O grau de conversão (GC) foi determinado utilizando espectroscopia de Fourier (FTIR/ATR). Para RU, 48 terceiros molares humanos (n=8) foram restaurados e cortados para obter corpos-de-prova (0,8 mm2) e, em seguida, testados em dois momentos: imediato e após seis meses. O padrão de fratura foi avaliado com lupa estereoscópica (40×) e microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e Tukey (a=0,05). NbG não comprometeu valores de GC dos sistemas adesivos (p>0,05). Além disso, a adição de NbG aos sistemas adesivos não afetou os valores de RU (p>0,05). O padrão de fratura ocorreu predominantemente na interface dentina-adesivo. NbG não afetou os resultados de GC e RU.
Subject(s)
Dental Bonding , Niobium/chemistry , Phosphates/chemistry , Tensile Strength , Dental Cements , Dental Stress Analysis , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
Objective Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is composed of Portland Cement (PC) and bismuth oxide (BO). Replacing BO for niobium oxide (NbO) microparticles (Nbµ) or nanoparticles (Nbη) may improve radiopacity and bioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of the materials: 1) PC; 2) White MTA; 3) PC+30% Nbµ; 4) PC+30% Nbη. Material and Methods For the radiopacity test, specimens of the different materials were radiographed along an aluminum step-wedge. For cell culture assays, Saos-2 osteoblastic-cells (ATCC HTB-85) were used. Cell viability was evaluated through MTT assay, and bioactivity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity assay. Results The results demonstrated higher radiopacity for MTA, followed by Nbµ and Nbη, which had similar values. Cell culture analysis showed that PC and PC+NbO associations promoted greater cell viability than MTA. Conclusions It was concluded that the combination of PC+NbO is a potential alternative for composition of MTA. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Aluminum Compounds/toxicity , Calcium Compounds/toxicity , Dental Cements/toxicity , Nanoparticles/toxicity , Niobium/toxicity , Oxides/toxicity , Silicates/toxicity , Aluminum Compounds/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/toxicity , Calcium Compounds/chemistry , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Dental Cements/chemistry , Drug Combinations , Formazans , Materials Testing , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Niobium/chemistry , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Oxides/chemistry , Silicates/chemistry , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tetrazolium Salts , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the mechanical and metallurgical properties of stainless steel and titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA) archwires, with recently introduced timolium and titanium niobium arch wires. Materials and Methods: Archwires were categorized into four groups (group I to IV) with 10 samples in each group. They were evaluated for tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, load deflection, frictional properties and weld characteristics. Results: The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and it indicated that stainless steel has high strength, high stiffness and low friction compared to other arch wires, thereby proving that it is the best choice for both sliding as well as frictionless retraction mechanics. TMA with its high formability, low stiffness and low load deflection property is suited to apply consistent force in malaligned teeth but, high friction limits its use in retraction only with loop mechanics. Conclusion: Timolium possesses comparatively low stiffness, better strength and behaves as an intermediate between stainless steel and TMA and hence can be tried for almost all clinical situations. Low springback and high formability of titanium-niobium archwire allows creation of finishing bends and thus it can be used as finishing archwire.